IPBES, Global assessment on biodiversity and ecosystem services
6 Maj, 2019
IPBES Global Assessment Report om biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster är den mest omfattande någonsin. Det är den första mellanstatliga rapporten av sitt slag och bygger på ”Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of 2005”, som introducerar innovativa sätt att utvärdera bevis.
Sammanställd av 145 expertförfattare från 50 länder under de senaste tre åren, med input från ytterligare 310 bidragande författare, bedömer rapporten förändringar under de senaste fem decennierna, vilket ger en övergripande bild av förhållandet mellan ekonomiska utvecklingsvägar och deras inverkan på naturen. Den redovisar också en rad möjliga scenarier för de kommande årtiondena.
Baserat på den systematiska översynen av cirka 15 000 vetenskapliga och offentliga källor, hämtar rapporten också (för första gången någonsin i denna skala) kunskap från inhemsk och lokal kunskap, särskilt när det gäller frågor som är relevanta för ursprungsbefolkningar och lokala samhällen.
Nature’s Dangerous Decline ‘Unprecedented’
Species Extinction Rates ‘Accelerating’
Current global response insufficient;
‘Transformative changes’ needed to restore and protect nature;
Opposition from vested interests can be overcome for public good
1.000.000 arter hotas av utrotning
Några viktiga slutsatser från rapporten
- Three-quarters of the land-based environment and about 66% of the marine environment have been significantly altered by human actions. On average these trends have been less severe or avoided in areas held or managed by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities.
- More than a third of the world’s land surface and nearly 75% of freshwater resources are now devoted to crop or livestock production.
- The value of agricultural crop production has increased by about 300% since 1970, raw timber harvest has risen by 45% and approximately 60 billion tons of renewable and nonrenewable resources are now extracted globally every year – having nearly doubled since 1980.
- Land degradation has reduced the productivity of 23% of the global land surface, up to US$577 billion in annual global crops are at risk from pollinator loss and 100-300 million people are at increased risk of floods and hurricanes because of loss of coastal habitats and protection.
- In 2015, 33% of marine fish stocks were being harvested at unsustainable levels; 60% were maximally sustainably fished, with just 7% harvested at levels lower than what can be sustainably fished.
- Urban areas have more than doubled since 1992.
- Plastic pollution has increased tenfold since 1980, 300-400 million tons of heavy metals, solvents, toxic sludge and other wastes from industrial facilities are dumped annually into the world’s waters, and fertilizers entering coastal ecosystems have produced more than 400 ocean ‘dead zones’, totalling more than 245,000 km2 (591-595) – a combined area greater than that of the United Kingdom.
- Negative trends in nature will continue to 2050 and beyond in all of the policy scenarios explored in the Report, except those that include transformative change – due to the projected impacts of increasing land-use change, exploitation of organisms and climate change, although with significant differences between regions.
MEDIA RELEASE
GLOBAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
